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When I think about leadership I find that I agree with John Maxwell, (internationally recognised leadership expert, speaker and author), when he says that leadership is about influence, nothing more and nothing less.

One of the ways to gain influence is to become an expert on understanding the effect that you have on others when you interact with them, and what changes you should make for your interaction to be a positive experience for both parties. This is something that can be learned, although it can be hard to do so without appropriate self awareness or the help of others.

Social Intelligence is not as well known as Emotional Intelligence and confusion remains between the two of them. Salovey & Mayer (1990) described Emotional Intelligence as “a form of Social Intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and action”.





This is a fantastic description and accurately describes how Emotional Intelligence relates to the individual. I see Social Intelligence as the ability of taking Emotional Intelligence and applying it to social situations. It concerns itself with how you interact with others and how you assess the situations/environments around you, to achieve a win/win solution or best agreed alternative solution. Social Intelligence is also about how you respond to the different situations and environments that you find yourself in.

This means that if you really want to get ahead in business then mastering the social interplay between you and others is an imperative that you just can't ignore. There are many people that have the same skills as you but not everyone will have the same social competence - it is this that defines and sets us apart from others.

In another study, individuals who scored higher in the ability to perceive accurately, understand, and appraise others’ emotions were better able to respond flexibly to changes in their social environments and build supportive social networks (Salovey, Bedell, Detweiler, & Mayer, 1999). This is important not only for those who need to network up and across the corporate ladder but also those that are running a business. (This is something that I will discuss in another article).

Is it your experience that individuals with low Social Intelligence are not as effective as they could be in business? If so what can be done to tangibly improve their effectiveness?

Take care

Judith


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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Ajit JaokarPowerNetworker on 5-Feb-07 11:44pm
Is it your experience that individuals with low Social Intelligence are not as effective as they could be in business?

yes .. but its fairly obvious - no? whats new here? or am I missing something here? rgds Ajit
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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Judith GermainBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 12:14am

Hi Ajit

Thanks for your comment, I have edited my post to include the question that I was implying: If so what can be done to tangibly improve their effectiveness?

Do you have any thoughts on this? For example, I know some companies that have insisted that their MDs are supported by Board Members that have high Social Intelligence to compensate for their lack of ability in this area. Preferring to have their MD concentrating on strategy and keeping him away from the workforce.

Sometimes this is the ideal solution.

Take care

Judith


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Dynamic Transitions Ltd - Specialising in helping senior executives manage their mavericks

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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Ajit JaokarPowerNetworker on 6-Feb-07 12:23am
ah .. but how do you explain Bill Gates? or Larry Ellison? so, its not a generic rule to have good social skills. too many people make this mistake. My best manager was a shrewd, ruthless guy - but he was fair and very very good at what he did. i would rather work with someone like that

which brings me to - how do you explain Bill and Larry?
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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Judith GermainBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 8:19am

Hi Ajit

I agree with you that you don't have to have good social skills to be successful, but you do need to have good self awareness of how you interact with others. To know whether your interactions get the results that you want or whether it's time to surround yourself with others that can do a better job (in some areas). Bill Gates and Larry Ellison both reached a point in their careers when they decided that they needed to release sufficient control of their empires to others to make their empires grow.

It sounds to me that your manager that was fair and good at what he did, would have had a reasonable level of Social Intelligence to enable him to engender respect and results from his team.

Take care

Judith


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This is a tough one

Likes (0) by Mark LeeBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 8:33am
Is it your experience that individuals with low Social Intelligence are not as effective as they could be in business?

Most certainly. Of course once they've reached the 'top' they don't want to know about such things.

If so what can be done to tangibly improve their effectiveness?
You'd need to 'get them' before they reach the top so that they can better appreciate the value of social and emotional intelligence. Such efforts will have greater impact where the boss evidences high levels of social and emotional intelligence.

Mark Lee
Helping accountants, lawyers and surveyors groom new partners in their firms
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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Edward Tudor, ACMA, FIIA.PowerNetworkerVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 8:52am
I don't understand social intelligence and that's probably due to Asperger's Syndrome.
I just do not have empathy. My brain just doesn't work that way.

So according to you I am not going to reach my full potential because of my lack of social awareness.

In the past I have managed teams and I realised that as a manager the most important thing to do is communicate with your staff.
That means telling them what you expect of the often.
And as Dale Carnegie said, "Be hearty with your approbation."

I realise that communication is one of my weaknesses and I'm working on it but I find it very hard. That's probably why networking through a keyboard is easier for me than other forms of networking.

What other strategies can you recommend for someone like me?


Best Regards

Edward

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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Alex GoodallBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 10:16am


One thing is absolute - there are no absolutes smile !

I don't think it's a given that you need EI or SI to succeed - it depends on the cultural environment you're in. However, I think it is true to say that there are fewer and fewer cultural environments where you can succeed without them.

The interesting question is - is it a skill or is it an ability that comes naturally when you reach a certain level of development along the "Social Intelligence" development line?

Martin Gardner identified 7 "Intelligences", including Interpersonal and Intrapersonal - which perhaps correlate somewhat to EI and SI. And just as you can't 'teach' IQ, in the same way I suppose you cannot teach EI or SI.

So, if someone is at a low level of EI, whatever you do, they, they just won't 'get it'. (e.g. many 15 year old boys.) Logically, they understand everything you explain to them - but they don't find it very interesting, don't see the point, and are quite unable to put it into practice.

So the question then becomes - "is there anything you can do to move people up the developmental line of EI/SI?". I think it is very important to recognize the difference between teaching a skill, and help someone move up a developmental line. The sort of interventions involved are very different.

If you are taught a skill, you 'do it'. If you move up a developmental line, you 'are it'.

As for suggestions of what can be done - perhaps reading and studying good literature over an extended period would help. But I am sure there are other, more expertly-informed interventions.

Alex Goodall
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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Judith GermainBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 11:27am

Hi Edward

Thanks for your comment. I think that by increasing the communication with your employees is an excellent strategy. Whilst you might not be able to empathise with your team, by asking questions and increasing the level and depth of the communication you will be more likely to be able to logically understand their point of view and their needs. This becomes easier with time and practice.

Lots of people have low empathy with others but do well in their chosen field because they have found ways round this. One way may be asking a close friend or colleague to look at the way you interact with others and provide advice on how you can improve.

Regarding Asperger's Syndrome I found this on the web this is an excerpt:

A few people with Asperger's syndrome are very successful and until recently were not diagnosed with anything but were seen as brilliant, eccentric, absent minded, socially inept, and a little awkward physically. In social interaction, many people with Asperger's syndrome demonstrate gaze avoidance and may actually turn away at the same moment as greeting another. The children I have known do desire interaction with others but have trouble knowing how to make it work. They are, however, able to learn social skills


Unfortunately I cannot give specific advice as it relates to Asperger's Syndrome although I did find this that may help.

Take care

Judith


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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Mike 'Smiling f@cebook' FarrowBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 1:50pm
.
Thanks Jude for you thought provoking article.

I have met some brilliant people in the computer world who's careers have never achieved the success that their ability promised. Far from having "the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions", they seemed oblivious to the fact that they had feelings and emotions, never mnd anyone else.

If more talent is not to be wasted in the future then perhaps emotions or feelings should be included in general education syllabuses and even business studies.


Warm regards, Mike



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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Judith GermainBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 2:55pm

Hi Alex

Great comment - thank you. We are certainly finding ourselves in more and more cultural environments where high EI or SI is essential to succeed. So those with this ability will be better suited to them.

I agree that Martin Gardner's Interpersonal and Intrapersonal 'Intelligences' are the framework for EI and SI, and that they can't be 'taught', at least not in the traditional sense, but they are able to be learnt. Some people choose to be coached into greater awareness, others by observing and analysing their own experiences, or by reading around the subject. For example, topics such as motivation, body language, leadership or persuasion/influence.

I think that if someone truly has low SI, they will tend to do what they can to improve it if they have a compelling reason to change.

Take care

Judith


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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Jonathan 'EQ' HillBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 3:30pm
Great article Jude, as ever you write very clearly and with balanced argument. Leadership is indeed influence which involves resonance and connection to inspire those around you, our words, attitudes and behaviours are all crucial ingredients towards our impact.

Indeed an interesting question I have is why so often there exists 'CEO syndrome' or a lack of proactivity in developing self awareness and extracting real feedback from those around us? This is priceless information to understanding ourselves better and becoming even more successful at whatever we want to do and be, but sadly all too often the attitude might be there is 'nothing to improve' (leader) or 'I am fearful to make comment' (subordinate). Good leaders should want to seek and absorb feedback, understanding that it will always hold a valuable learning message, how we take that and what we do with it determines its real value.

Thanks for sharing this.
Jonathan.


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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Edward Tudor, ACMA, FIIA.PowerNetworkerVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 4:05pm
Hello Mike,

When I was a programmer in the seventies, what mattered was did the program work and was it running as efficiently and effectively as possible.

Who cared what anyone thought of you.
Didn't come into the equasion.

Best Regards

Edward

Edward Tudor
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By pure coincidence (or synchronicity?)

Likes (0) by Mark LeeBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 5:48pm
I was reading a report today, from Kaisen, about characteristics of partners in professional advisory firms. The report concludes by noting that "what distinguishes partners from non-partners are 'emotional intelligence' factors such as sensitivity to clients' feelings and psychological needs, and the ability to trust people to 'pick up' on what motivates them as individuals."

I mention this because it ties in with what Jude says above. For my part though I tend to feel that there is a little too much generalisation in such statements. I know of plenty of partners who do not exhibit the qualities described above. Many of them are also deemed to be successful. Equally there are plenty of aspiring partners and ambitious professionals who DO exhibit those qualities but who will struggle to make partner in an environment that does not value them.

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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Judith GermainBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 6:42pm

Hi Edward

I agree with your comment above, which is a good example of how things have changed within the IT industry. At one time it was more about getting the programmes running, whereas now there is a greater need to interact with clients and non IT peers.

This brings with it a desire to improve the way one is perceived.

Take care

Judith


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By pure coincidence (or synchronicity?)

Likes (0) by Judith GermainBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 7:57pm

Hi Mark

Thanks for your comment. I agree that the comments from the article whilst they seem right generally are contextual. Alex said above:

I don't think it's a given that you need EI or SI to succeed - it depends on the cultural environment you're in. However, I think it is true to say that there are fewer and fewer cultural environments where you can succeed without them.


Which I think provides a good framework for your comment. For environments where it is possible to succeed without demonstrating the emotional intelligence factors you referred to then Social Intelligence may be deemed not necessary. I wonder on the effect that these partners have on the non partners that they interact with. I've certainly seen support staff quietly sabotage the efforts of someone in authority because of the way that they are treated. When they are approached more favourably they tend to go out of their way to support the other person.

I totally agree with your last point, Social Intelligence gives you the edge but you need a degree of competence to succeed, and a sense of being valued.

Take care

Judith


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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Joan CallaghanBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 6-Feb-07 9:04pm
I love your posers Jude!

My experience of business behaviours helps me to take on board and understand all of the feedback that you have here. I also believe - again through vast experience of business behavioiurs that the differing 'levels' of SI and EI in various leasders are somewhat determined by other factors e.g.personality, character, base ego, middle layer and top layer 'veneers'.

For me, all can be taught awareness of IE and SE, and as Jude says, the more compelling the reason to take it on board (e.g. sales director increasing sales by using it) the more easily people can learn to apply. Sometimes both SE and IE are pretty much innate - that doesn't necessairly make a brilliant leader though, in my book - but neither do the ones with low levels of it!

Again, in my opinion and my experience, a leader (or whoever) who is able to use both EI and SI are proving to be the most sucessful in business effectiveness.


Cheers

Joan
PS As quoted in one of your responders blogs / articles:

"Thats the difference with a large company(which effectively seeks to dehumanize you) - makes you like a everyone else."

Maybe these 'de-humanisers' could do with a lesson or two?



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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Judith GermainBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 7-Feb-07 8:42am

Thanks Jonathan for your comment. 'CEO Syndrome' seems to be alive and kicking, unfortunately. I agree with Mark's comment above that one of the solutions is to 'catch them' on the way up or at least provide them with a compelling reason to change.

Take care

Judith


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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Stuarte HarrisBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 7-Feb-07 9:08am
I don't know whether "Emotional Intelligence" and "Social Intelligence" are the currently accepted handles but they raise some interesting issues.

What is the old sort of Intelligence? Intellectual Intelligence? Or just plain Intelligence?

I guess adding "Intelligence" to the dimension in question (Emotional etc.) makes it seem more business-like and less touchie-feelie than Empathy, for example.


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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Judith GermainBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 7-Feb-07 9:26am

Hi Stuart

Thanks for your comment. For a long time it was considered that the only intelligence worth measuring was IQ - abstract intelligence. Most academics agree that whilst IQ is one measure of intelligence there are many others that are worth considering. Karl Albrecht considers 6 types:

Abstract Intelligence - symbolic reasoning
Social Intelligence - dealing with people
Practical Intelligence - getting things done
Emotional Intelligence - self awareness and management
Aesthetic Intelligence - sense of form, design, music, art and literature
Kinesthetic Intelligence - whole body skills like sports, dance, music, or flying a jet


I agree that adding 'Intelligence' behind something makes things look more business like, but I see empathy as a subset of EI and SI for example and is a sub category of 'Intelligence'.

Karl Albrecht calls Social Intelligence - a different type of Smart - I like that!

Thanks again.

Take care

Judith


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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Judith GermainBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 7-Feb-07 9:46am

Hi Joan

Thanks for your comment. I agree with you that the differing levels of EI or SI in leaders is down to different factors, such as personality etc. Both the above types of Intelligence are developmental, increased by learning from experience and by paying attention to the components that make them up. By studying these, putting them into practice and then reviewing/learning from the results will make all the difference.

The great thing about it - is these types of Intelligence can be improved - you do not need to be 'stuck' with a low EI/SI score.

I love the quote that you added at the end. I train leaders to be more effective, but first I train them to be more self aware so that they can be more flexible in their approach to get the influence or results that they want. It is only then that I teach them specific leadership techniques or skills. One of the outcomes of the training programmes is often how to avoid dehumanising the workforce. I agree with you and whoever wrote the quote you refer to, there is no need to dehumanise anyone to get the results you need.

Take care

Judith


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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Jon StowBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 8-Feb-07 10:21am
Jude, thank you for a very good article, which is very thought provoking, and for later listing Karl Albrecht's six kinds of intelligence. It seems very likely that not all of us are blessed with all six. I think that perhaps, up to a certain level, social and emotional intelligence matter less in being promoted through employment than they do in succeeding in one's own business. Of course this is a subjective belief based on my own experience.

My own style when having staff to look after was empathic and relied on their liking me enough and our having a shared loyalty so that we did not let each other down as a team. If one could not connect with someone else then it seemed they would be less supportive to the cause. I am not saying my style was necessarily best; it was just the one I was best at. I suppose it was a mixture of EI and SI.

I have seen others who thought leadership involved telling people what to do. Sometimes this works if the leader is charismatic. Otherwise, without military-style discipline it will not, in my view.

Mark makes the point about the supposed emotional intelligence of those who become partners in professional firms as against those who did not, and I share his scepticism of this view. I have noticed, working as I have in a number of such firms that particularly in the larger ones, people have been offered or promoted to partnerships on the basis of their technical ability or academic qualifications. I suppose such skills represent Abstract Intelligence. These partners may have none of the other five Intelligences. They would therefore be in charge of staff but would have no meaningful way of connecting with them or inspiring loyalty. Consequently, they would have a higher turnover of staff and could never learn the lesson of communication for the future. In smaller firms, such people would not be successful partners because of the social skills needed in dealing more hands-on with the clients and public.

You have experience in the arena of leadership training, Jude. Do you think there is a hard core of people who do not have the skills they can adapt to learn, or can anyone be taught to be a leader and to be a person of influence?

Jon Stow
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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Jonathan 'EQ' HillBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 8-Feb-07 1:55pm
Interesting stuff indeed Jon. Therein lies the point to those that are successful just on a technical level. Indeed on that level there could well be a lack of empathy and inspiration to engage people which will mean turnover of talent - is that overall success for the business though? I think the point is how much more successful would the technically brilliant talent be with higher levels of EI and SI?

In answer to your final question I believe that yes people can be taught to be a person of influence, very often it is not the strategy that inhibits our effectiveness to influence but our own mental barriers around fear and rigidity that stem effective influence. As children we are the best influencers in the world and are born with that natural talent. It is almost that people need to be re taught but whether they have the desire and commitment to become better leaders is another question.

An enjoyable debate. Jonathan.


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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Judith GermainBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 8-Feb-07 2:44pm

Hi Jon

Great comment - thank you. I think that if you want to be promoted within a company then it is important to know how to articulate your expertise and how to network within the organisation. Social Intelligence helps in that aspect so it can certainly be as important to the individual within a company as it is to the business owner.

I think the best leadership style is the one that is the most flexible in its application, as it is necessary to influence those that are around you. Military leadership works well in the military and probably works well in occupations like the Police Service but perhaps not as well in a Supermarket! Or it could be time dependant. You may be very directive if something needs to take place within 1 hr, it's urgent and there is no time to coach a subordinate into how to fulfil the task ... but you may return to it later when you have time and take a more coaching stance. The trick is changing your style to fit the person that you have in front of you whilst retaining a firm hold on your values.

High turnover in most businesses is a cost that cannot be tolerated over time. The firm may need to calculate the cost of high turnover, (recruitment, overtime, opportunity cost, loss of reputation, potential litigation) over the need to keep a group of partners happy, even if they are high fee earners. A couple of harassment claims for example could easily cost £100k for instance - not including on costs!

I think everyone can improve their Social and Emotional Intelligence if they choose to. It is their choice though, because they need to be prepared to be introspective enough to begin altering their behaviour for better results. There is a hard core of people that do not believe that they need to change ... perhaps high fee earners in professional firms for example who do not see the spiralling employment costs associated with their behaviour. Such individuals can change however - if they believe it's in their best interests to do so.

Anyone can learn to have more influence but for some it can take a long time to do so.

Thanks again.

Take care

Judith


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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Judith GermainBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 8-Feb-07 2:51pm

Hi Jonathan

I agree!

Take care

Judith


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Why increasing your Emotional and Social Intelligence guarantees

Likes (0) by Philip M WilliamsBlackStarVerified SafeNetworking on 12-Feb-07 11:44pm
Judith

What a fantastic thread - all started by your thought-provoking article. And I'll start by saying that I am not an expert on SI or EI

Leaders appear at all levels within an organisation although I guess most of what we are talking about here is focussing on the person or people at the top of the tree. I am not sure whether it is SI or EI but a self-awareness of the shadows that a person casts on an organisation is of paramount importance as you rightly point out in your 2nd paragraph. The shadows are 2 in number; for all of us one shadow is made up of the title or position we carry whilst the other is a shadow created by who we are.

The first shadow is mostly understood and defines the pecking order in an organisation and some will hide behind their title. The second is less well understood and is the shadow cast by who you are. The great leaders of the best companies to work for understand the second shadow and will use this to develop the business.

The leaders who don't understand their personal shadow ultimately get ejected because they create a business that is a reflection of themselves. The result is that the leaders end up hearing only what they want to hear. That's not very clear so an example - a large and very well known public company had a CEO who didn't like hearing bad news (because he liked to create a positive environment to work in); the result (after a little time) was that his subordinates stopped delivering the bad news or would spin it to show an upside to create the 'positive' environment that the boss wanted. The company was brought to its knees because (amazingly) the CEO was unaware of his impact; a new CEO rescued the business.

The shadows of people down through an organisation are also important and good leaders develop self-awareness throughout a business and leaders at all levels. For some people that will create some discomfort and if, despite support from the other leaders, they cannot change then the inevitable happens and they part company with the organisation (often their own choice).

So where does this go? As somebody pointed out nothing is guaranteed but a good EI I think supports a good SI. Can people be taught these things? No I don't think so - at least not in the traditional sense. It is rare for an individual to be fully aware their impact and so I contend that a good mentor is what people need to understand their shadows; they can then decide what to do with their knowledge about themselves.

Good SI and EI creates an opportunity for an individual - it's then up to them how they use it.

Time for bed but hope this adds to the debate

Phil